What are classical algorithms and data structures in jobs?

Question

Python

Greetings!
I study the python programming language and in many vacancies I see "knowledge of classical algorithms and data structures". Please tell me a list of these most basic classical algorithms and data structures that you need to know and / or at least which ones to navigate, otherwise it’s completely unclear where to dig ...
If there are also book titles and links to courses (preferably Russian, but English they will do too, there are no problems with the language) if you bring them to the collections of tasks for them (for working out), then you will have a mega-powerful plus in karma)))
Thanks to everyone for the answers !!
PS I'm a mathematician by education, you won't be scared by complex terms))
UPD: Many thanks to those who answered for the details and direction !!!

Answer 1

Classical algorithms - algorithms for searching, sorting and processing data. Data structures - stacks, caches, arrays, lists.
Well, I'll be old-fashioned, there is still nothing better in this world than the three-volume Donald Knuth - The Art of Programming. After reviewing the table of contents of the first volume - get the whole list! Well, if you just read two or three pages of each section, you will be aware of how they work. If you also analyze examples, you will be a great specialist. And if you get to solving problems, then many companies will consider it an honor to have you on the staff. Completing one of the tasks with a difficulty of 45 is a Nobel Prize.
But now you just need to read the table of contents! Start with this.
Oops, the third volume also has a table of contents.