Ubuntu 14.04 does not boot, instead of loading BusyBox (initramfs), how to cure?

Question

linux

Stopped loading Ubuntu 14.04:

Begin: Running /scripts/local-premount ... done.
mount: mounting /dev/mapper/zabbix--vg-root on /root failed: Invalid argument
Begin: Running /scripts/local-bottom ... done.
done.
Begin: Running /scripts/init-bottom ... mount: mounting /dev on /root/dev failed: No such file or directory
done.
mount: mounting /sys on /root/sys failed: No such file or directory
mount: mounting /proc on /root/proc failed: No such file or directory
Target filesystem doesn't have requested /sbin/init.
no init found. Try passing init=bootarg.
BusyBox v1.21.1 (Ubuntu 1:1.21.0-1ubuntu1) built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.
(initramfs)

The backup of the current state is merged. The disk was checked by Victoria and MHDD - no bad blocks. The RAM was also checked - everything is normal.
Guru linux, what do you say?

Answer 1

Root partition not mounted or damaged. In this case, the zabbix--vg-root array. Repair with lvm.

Answer 2

booted from Live CD, ran fsck on the damaged LVM zabbix--vg-root volume, after correcting all errors, the volume was mounted as system, all files on it are available.
I reboot.
When booting, GNU GRUB appears, then the system does not start.
I see:
run-init: /sbin/init: No such file or directory
[ 1.978563] Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x00000100
[ 1.978563]
[ 1.978675] CPU: 1 PID: 1 Comm: run-init Not tainted 3.13.0-45-generic #74-Ubuntu
[ 1.978746] Hardware name: System manufacturer System Product Name/P5KPL-AM IN/ GB, BIOS 0403 05/08/2009
[1.978823] 00000000 00000000 c1655842 c193be00 f70c1f54 f70c1f34 c16508ec c183314c
[1.979046] c1ab3c80 f70c1f40 c193be00 f68e76c0 f7088000 f70c1fa4 c10592df c1833470
[1.979271] c117a39c 00000100 00000001 00000001 00000000 f7270f24 f69736c0 f69736c8
[1.979493] Call Trace:
[1.979542 ] [ c1655842 ] dump_stack+0x41/0x52
[ 1.979590] [ c16508ec ] panic+0x87/0x181
[ 1.979638] [ c10592df ] do_exit+0x8ef/0x8f0
[ 1.979687] [ c117a39c ] ? vfs_write+0x13c/0x1b0
[ 1.979735] [ c1059316 ] SyS_exit+0x16/0x20
[ 1.979783] [ c165c997 ] syscall_call+0x7/0x7
What to do and how to be?

Answer 3

Here:
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