To what extent does the reputation of a domain deteriorate from the point of view of spam filters if the mailing was carried out from ip-addresses that are on the black list?

Question

Google

Example - there was a small mailing list, several hundred mailboxes on gmail. After it, the reputation of Google's Postmaster Tools domain got worse. After the next mailing - even worse - that is, in 2 mailings it fell from good to "not very good". There were no complaints about spam. Later I found out that several ip-addresses of the service through which the mailing was carried out are in several blacklists (secondary - for example, sorbs.net). The domain is not in any spam databases.
Is this influence so strong? Or could the reputation of the domain fall solely due to a small open rate (3-5%)?

Answer 1

Domain reputation on gmail is influenced by dozens of factors. The presence of IP addresses of the service too. But the letter itself, and the domain settings, and the number of non-working mails, and much more also affect.
Now most mailers have stopped deleting unused addresses, but they see them, and this can also affect the reputation. If the database is old and some of the addresses are no longer used.