Site indexing in search engines, how to properly close parts of the site?

Question

HTML

Interested in a few questions on this topic:
1) How to close certain blocks from search bots? Well, for example, I have a voting block, as if it is not needed when indexing, so I would like to close it from the eyes of robots.
2) Is there a universal tag for all search engines to close the block from indexing?
3) Should I close everything except the text?

Answer 1

1. Robots do not have eyes - this can be confirmed to you in Yandex - they know for sure, but close it like this:
2. There are no magic tags, there is a noindex recommendation tag, you can completely close the page using robots.txt
3. It is worth closing something that does not carry a semantic load regarding the main theme of the site.
In general, Google or Yandex will help you - a bunch of articles, books ... So you can’t answer in a nutshell ...