Read and write permissions only for a specific user inside a subdirectory in Linux?

Question

linux

Hello, I don’t understand, please help, there is a file that lies on a sub directory and only the user Kolya has access to this file (only to the file),
How will the user Kolya go through the sub directories to have access to his file ?? And in general, inheritance works like in Windows in Linux e ?, thanks in advance

Answer 1

for example
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Access_Control...
and what about exfat ??