Philosophy and Ideology of Networks - Recommended Reading

Question

Database

It is a logical continuation of the question put forward six months ago .
Our application, huddled on a small local server, has already been written, a lot of experience and emotions have been gained, we can say that we have already played enough in the sandbox.
At the same time, an understanding of a complete misunderstanding of what was happening came. Yes, the server knows how to work with sockets, but here's the problem: in addition to what it is needed for, there are no guesses about the principle of its operation, a full understanding of what a "socket" is, in principle. This is just one of the examples.
Now a more fundamental question arose: what did we write anyway and how it actually works.
The very question with which we turn to you, dear habrausers: For a long time of work in this area, the people associated with this most likely formed a certain amount of materials recommended for reading on this topic. Yes, there are still the same google and wikipedia, but given the rather large angle of the problem, you go into a seemingly endless recursion. If you have any more comprehensive material on this topic that you could share, please help.

Actually topics:
- Data transfer protocols, package packaging
- Implementation of interaction at the program level from the server and client side (namely, general, not language-specific concepts, like sockets, ports & c ).
- Network interaction in general - how and why it works (very general principles - for example, “the application sent a packet over the network, the server accepted it, returned a response” - “How was the packet itself transported over the network, knowing only the receiving IP address? ”, “Does it store the address of the sending application so that the server knows where to send the response, or can the sender address be uniquely determined for each packet?”, etc.).
- Working with databases (If the programming language is important at this point - Python and C ++) - this part stands apart, because it is perhaps the most specific, but still - if there is something to share - we will be very grateful.

Answer 1

Network interaction in general is well described in Tanenbaum's "Computer Networks".

Answer 2

Also, in addition to Tanenbaum and Olifer, I recommend reading the works of Stevens, and specifically "TCP / IP Illustrated" and "Creating Network Applications in a Unix Environment". The second, although it is focused specifically on programming, reveals a number of aspects of interaction in networks very intelligibly.