Navigation not working on category.php page?

Question

WordPress

Good afternoon. Problem with pagination and looping on category page. There are several categories on the site, certain posts belong to them (of course there is nothing informative here, but I will write anyway) I
created a category.php file to display all posts (announcements) in a cycle. In the reading settings, the number of posts is 1, you need to display the last post on the main page.
category.php content

<?php
/**
 * Template for displaying Category Archive pages
 *
 */

get_header(); ?>

    <section id="primary" class="main__content">
      <div id="content " role="main">

      <?php if ( have_posts() ) : ?>

        <header class="page-header">
          <h1 class="page-title"><?php
            printf( __( 'Category Archives: %s', 'ocean' ), '<span>' . single_cat_title( '', false ) . '</span>' );
          ?></h1>

          <?php
            $category_description = category_description();
            if ( ! empty( $category_description ) ) {
              /**
               * Filter the default Twenty Eleven category description.
               *
               * @since Twenty Eleven 1.0
               *
               * @param string The default category description HTML.
               */
              echo apply_filters( 'category_archive_meta', '<div class="category-archive-meta">' . $category_description . '</div>' );
            }
          ?>
        </header>

      <?php $args = array(
        'cat' => $category->term_id,
        'post_type' => 'post',
        'posts_per_page' => '10',
        'prev_text'          => __( 'Старые записи' ),
        'next_text'          => __( 'Новые записи' ),
      ); ?>
      <?php
      $query = new WP_Query( $args );
  
if ( $query->have_posts() ) { ?>
  
    <section class="<?php echo $category->name; ?> listing">
        <h2>Latest in <?php echo $category->name; ?>:</h2>
  
        <?php while ( $query->have_posts() ) {
  
            $query->the_post();
            ?>
  
            <article id="post-<?php the_ID(); ?>" <?php post_class( 'category-listing' ); ?>>
                <?php if ( has_post_thumbnail() ) { ?>
                    <a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>">
                        <?php the_post_thumbnail( 'thumbnail' ); ?>
                    </a>
                <?php } ?>
  
                <h3 class="entry-title">
                    <a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>">
                        <?php the_title(); ?>
                    </a>
                </h3>
  
                <?php the_excerpt( __( 'Continue Reading <span class="meta-nav">&rarr;</span>', 'twentyfourteen' ) ); ?>
  
            </article>
  
        <?php } // end while ?>

      
    </section>
  
<?php } // end if

  
// Use reset to restore original query.
wp_reset_postdata(); ?>
    <?php the_posts_navigation( array(
  'prev_text'          => 'Предыдущие записи',
  'next_text'          => 'Следующие записи',
  'screen_reader_text' => 'Навигация',
) ); ?>



    

      <?php else : ?>

        <article id="post-0" class="post no-results not-found">
          <header class="entry-header">
            <h1 class="entry-title"><?php _e( 'Nothing Found', 'ocean' ); ?></h1>
          </header><!-- .entry-header -->

          <div class="entry-content">
            <p><?php _e( 'Apologies, but no results were found for the requested archive. Perhaps searching will help find a related post.', 'ocean' ); ?></p>
            <?php get_search_form(); ?>
          </div><!-- .entry-content -->
        </article><!-- #post-0 -->

      <?php endif; ?>

      </div><!-- #content -->
    </section><!-- #primary -->
    

<?php get_sidebar(); ?>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
<?php get_footer(); ?>

the loop displays 10 entries, but when you go to the category/cat_name(category name)/page/2/ page
, the same posts are displayed, the navigation works, but not correctly.
If you set the number of posts to 50
<?php $args = array(
'cat' => $category->term_id,
'post_type' => 'post',
'posts_per_page' => '10' , // change to 50
' prev_text' => __( 'Old entries' ),
​​'next_text' => __( 'New entries' ),
​​); ?>
they show up, but the navigation doesn't work either. In general, I messed up something and now I can’t figure it out. I would like to understand this problem, explain why it does not work properly.