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Is there anything in the world that does not obey the laws of mathematics?
Is there something in the world that does not obey the laws of mathematics, and what is it?
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Any existing mathematical theory is limited. According to Gödel's incompleteness theorem, arithmetic (the one from the first school) is an incomplete formal system. As a consequence, any mathematical theory operates only within the limits of fulfillment of the initial statements incorporated in it. A classic example is the geometry of Lobachevsky, Riemann.
In fact, nothing is subject to mathematics.
We simply select a model that describes a process or phenomenon, and say that this phenomenon
seems to behave according to this law.
We make observations by improving or changing the model.
And that's all.
No magic. Mathematics explores patterns. Models are increasingly similar to the real world but they are not.
Read something about scientific methodology.
Here, perhaps, a clarification is needed - "the well-known laws of mathematics." Well, physics is there. Not everything fits into the same standard model.
"Does not obey" in the meaning of "contradicts"?
Many phenomena in the world have nothing to do with mathematics at all.
Mathematics is essentially an extension of logic. Accordingly, all logically cognizable phenomena "submit" to mathematics, or, to be more precise, they are described by mathematics.
Accordingly, logically unknowable phenomena cannot be described by mathematics. This is well illustrated by the idea of an omnipotent god, etc.
Mathematics does not obey anything, since mathematics is an abstract language, not a physical theory. It should not describe physical reality.
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