Is there a formula or theory for guessing a number in multiple tries?

Question

Probability theory

For example, if you guess a number in the range from 1 to 100 with one attempt, then the probability of guessing such a number is 1/100 or 1 percent, and if there are 2 attempts, then how to calculate the probability of guessing this number with two attempts?
Are there any formulas or theories that describe how to minimize the number of attempts to guess a number between 1 and 100?

Answer 1

Binary search
If there are two attempts and no information is given more / less, then it is considered a simple multiplication (1/100) * 2
If information is given, then it is possible to divide the segments in half:
Let's say you guessed the number 68
Divide 0..100 in half
50 - Less
Divide 50 ..100 in half
75 - More
Divide 50..75 in half
62 - Less
Divide 62..75 in half
68 - Guessed.
Thus, we get the logarithm of the number of possible numbers in base 2 (the number of attempts required to guess)