Is it theoretically possible to recover a modified and deleted file?

Question

Data recovery

Let's say there is a document (doc, txt, etc.) that I deleted from my hard drive. Suppose I changed the contents of the file (instead of text I inserted 5 thousand identical characters), then saved the document and deleted it through the trash.

With the help of programs, you can recover this deleted document. But the question is different: will it be possible to recover the changed data of this document?

Looking even further: is it possible to restore the original file (of any format) where I changed characters through notepad? For example, I opened a file with the .jpg extension through the code editor, swapped the characters and saved it back, and then sent it to the trash.

Answer 1

There may be times when the answer to each of the questions is "yes".
Recently on Habré there was an article about residual voltage analysis and data recovery from a formatted flash drive. What can we say about files deleted "from the trash"

Answer 2

Can