If you turn off the computer by abruptly turning off the power, will the HDD and SSD or some kind of hardware be damaged?

Question

Batteries

That is, if you turn it off through the power button or pull out the power cord, will something terrible happen to the computer if you do this 1 time and periodically?

Answer 1

Files may be corrupted if terminated abruptly.
A power surge is usually extinguished if a normal power supply, since a high-quality power supply has protection against power outages and surges (a normal power supply may well survive a short-term power loss due to capacitors. Like a few tens of milliseconds). But this is physics, not mathematics, so it is clear that there is always a risk, even with a regular shutdown and on.

Answer 2

The cache will not be flushed to disk and the file system may be corrupted. Iron, in principle, should not have anything, HDD heads should park automatically.

Answer 3

No, nothing will. The SSD doesn't care, but the HDD has enough charge to park the heads.
But you will not envy the files and the operating system.

Answer 4

Most likely nothing will happen to the SSD.
HDD, as far as I remember, are able to park their heads in case of power loss. If the head for some reason is not parked, then data loss is possible.

Answer 5

I killed the SSD like that, the controller went crazy.

Answer 6

Pro HDD may not have time to return the head back and not start the next time. I won’t say for sure about the SSD, there is a chance to burn it entirely. Uninterruptible Power Sources were invented for a reason..

Answer 7

On the HDD:
On the network, I came across the concept of soft-bads - when data was written to the physical sector, but their CRC is not there. As a result, the sector will never be read correctly. The solution is to overwrite. But, it's still a glitch. Usually there is enough energy to complete the sector.
By SSD:
SSDs distinguish between normal and unexpected shutdowns and display this in smart. A few years ago, this was often talked about in connection with dead sandforces and, it seems, an 8MB glitch in Intel SSDs.
Perhaps "unexpected power off", this is a shutdown at the time of the write / read operation or not a smooth power off as the power supply capacitors are discharged, but pulling out of SATA to a hot one.