How to understand the architecture/device of macOs?

Question

macOS

Searched the net, did not find any sensible literature. I want to understand the basics, features of the system design, differences. As I understand it, Linux users have no problems with the transition, they are like a fish in water, because this is also a unix system, but for those who have used only windows all their lives, there are a number of incomprehensible things.
Let's say the questions that come to mind here:
- features of the file system, differences from fat32 / ntfs popular on Windows,
- the need for a root user,
- hard disk partitions, where on Windows there will be just a local drive C, D, E on a poppy" /" or "var" (maybe I'm writing stupidly, because I didn't understand it),
- working with the terminal, why in the Finder there are only "safe sections" like photos, documents, downloads,
- why is the entire local disk hidden, while on win you can go to the C:\ drive and see the entire system
I would like to find answers to these questions, ideally some literature, and not just a set of articles from the Internet.
Thanks

Answer 1

A set of articles from the Internet here are great rescues in most of your questions.
Read what is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_Hierarchy...
There are no letters in Linux, there is only one tree starting with the root /
ixrevo.me/mac-os-x-file-system-structure
Local disk may be hidden for various reasons. In a mobile phone, even under winphone, it is also hidden, for example.
In general, for each of your questions, you can find an article on the Internet and this is enough for "entrance to the architecture."

Answer 2

google "basics of * nix-systems" any course will fall on your void.
choose the one you understand.
you will understand the basics, and this is at least a month or two of understanding and practice - you will understand what to study further towards the mac.
see the file system hierarchy in FHS , it is almost the same on all *nix systems.

Answer 3

Here is a good article -- macOS for Linux Admins -- triosdevelopers.com/jason.eckert/blog/Entries/2018...

Answer 4

It depends on what you mean by the expression "understand".
To be honest, for starters, get acquainted with Tanenbaum's Modern Operating Systems. But this is taste, there are other similar works.
Then you can look through Evy Nemeth.
In general, there is such an author - Jonathan Levin. He has a series of macOS Internals, moreover, about modern versions of macOS, iOS.
If it's difficult and you need something simpler, just look at the last David Pogue.