How to track the movement of an object without the possibility of positioning by GPS?

Question

Navigation in space

Roughly speaking: there is a certain pipe underground. There are exact coordinates of the beginning and end of this pipe.
It is necessary to somehow record the movement of the object along this pipe in order to later superimpose the track on the terrain map.
Of course, there can be no talk of any GPS and other positioning methods, they only link the beginning and end of the pipe to the terrain.
Are there any devices that can record a track based only on the information from their sensors? It is clear that there will be errors, and the longer the route, the stronger it is, but it’s better than nothing.

Answer 1

Good afternoon.
This is called the inertial positioning system of objects. The principle of operation is based on a gyroscope and an accelerometer. Information on developments in this direction is already published on the Internet.