How to send a request to solr so that it understands that this is text, and not a continuation of the request?

Question

PHP

Hello, the following question arose: there is a search string, you need to find matches in solr by field, I poison "full_text_search: *{$text}*"
$text - this is a request, but the fact is that different characters can be found there, for example, like this "1:72" scale, and in principle everything anything can be, I know that special characters can be escaped, but searching with asterisks like like in mysql does not work, and in mysql you can throw anything in the query and it will just give 0 matches, and solr constantly swears at an invalid query, like maybe there is some way to feed solr whatever you want without problems, and depending on what it finds, output the result, if garbage was specified in the query, it will return 0 records, how does mysql do it?