How to select votes in which a specific user did not participate?

Question

MySQL

Good day to all.
Can't get into an elegant solution to the problem. I want to display for the user only those requests in which he did not accept voting.
There is a vote table, the backbone of the poll, and it has a one-to-many relationship with the vote_answer table.
The answer table in turn contains a one-to-many relationship with vote_result.
To get voted users, I make such a request with a comparison of the client's IP address.

SELECT *
FROM `poll`
INNER JOIN poll_answer ON poll.id = poll_answer.poll_id
INNER JOIN poll_result ON poll_answer.id = poll_result.poll_answer_id
WHERE CURDATE() BETWEEN poll.date_begin AND poll.date_end
AND poll_result.vote_ip ="222"

Tell me, please, in which direction to dig.
Thanks in advance.

Answer 1

If we consider this as those polls where he took part

SELECT *
FROM `poll`
INNER JOIN poll_answer ON poll.id = poll_answer.poll_id
INNER JOIN poll_result ON poll_answer.id = poll_result.poll_answer_id
WHERE CURDATE() BETWEEN poll.date_begin AND poll.date_end
AND poll_result.vote_ip ="222"

Those where he did not accept:

SELECT * 
FROM `poll` as b
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT poll.id 
FROM `poll`
INNER JOIN poll_answer ON poll.id = poll_answer.poll_id
INNER JOIN poll_result ON poll_answer.id = poll_result.poll_answer_id
WHERE CURDATE() BETWEEN poll.date_begin AND poll.date_end
AND poll_result.vote_ip ="222"
AND b.id = poll.id)

Answer 2

IP is probably not very reliable
, can it be easier to store request id in cookies?