How to search by date in Elasticsearch?

Question

elasticsearch

Please tell me how to solve the problem.
There is such an entity plan:

{
  "_id": "1",
  "active_from": null,
}
{
  "_id": "2",
  "active_from": "2017-10-11"
}
{
  "_id": "3",
  "active_from": "2017-11-20"
}

How, given the name of a specific date, such as 2017-10-24, select all records for which active_from is not specified (null), either earlier than or equal to 2017-10-24? Those. so that only elements with _id: 1 and 2 get into the selection
. I read the documentation. How to select a specific date, if it is specified, I know. I can't figure out how to combine conditions, in particular with a check for Null.

Answer 1

I'll answer myself
1. The AND and OR conditions are replaced by the keywords MUST and SHOULD, respectively.
2. It is impossible to check the value specifically for NULL. Fields with this value are considered missing, so you need to check for the existence of the field through the EXISTS keyword, and not its value. It is also impossible to make the condition "the field is absent", but it is possible to wrap the "field is present" in "and not" through MUST_NOT.
Or you can set a default value through mapping, which will be substituted automatically if the field had a NULL value and then look for it.
The result is a query like this:

{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "bool": {
            "must_not": {
              "exists" : { "field" : "active_from" }
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "range": {
            "active_from": {
              "lte": "2017-10-24",
              "format": "yyyy-MM-dd"
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

This all applies to 5.6