How to restore (possibly from under Linux) Win 10 if even Live CD / FLASH does not boot?

Question

linux

Hello, I don’t understand anything at all, I’m fighting for the second day.
The situation is this, I have an HP Envy laptop.
It was earlier than Win 8.1, then it was updated to 10.
The second operating system is Ubuntu on the hard disk (a dedicated part for the Linux file system)
For no reason, on the screen with the HP logo, where the boot spinner is spinning, the laptop began to freeze and turn off after it blinks Cap Lock.
I made some images on bootable flash and dvd.
Turned off Secure Boot in BIOS and turned on Legacy Mode.
When booting, I go to the boot source menu, there are two options:
1) USB or DVD with UEFI
2) Just USB or DVD
In the first option, the laptop turns off on the HP screen, the second on the screen with the Windows logo (appears at the place where the HP logo was in the first option, the same spinner on boot)
Half a year ago, my cooler broke, and Bois warned me about it, I I thought that everything had burned down, but Linux works fine, except that the laptop starts to heat up and freeze after an hour (I think because of the driver for the video card, this was not the case in Windows). Did the HP tests on the hardware, everything is fine. Worker iron comes out.
Bottom line: I can't boot from more than one flash drive, but I can log into Ubuntu. Iron does not show errors, please help, what can be done?
PS 1 download out of 20 still let me into Live, where I was offered to install a new version of Win, but I stupidly refused and the disk was not loaded anymore. Also, a couple of times I went to one image downloaded from the Torrent (now I downloaded all the images from the Microsoft website), everything just hung there.
PSS With Ubuntu, I can easily walk through Windows files.

Answer 1

Miraculously, Live still launched 50 times. Then I didn't miss my chance.

Answer 2

1) Repair the cooler. So it’s not far from the dump of the chip.
2) Check disk status and check file system.
3) Transfer the necessary data from under ubuntu and reinstall windows.