How to put files with the same name but different case into one folder?

Question

File systems

How to put files with the same name but different case into one folder?
i.imgur.com/Xxk4eS6.jpg
Which filesystem/OS allows this?

Answer 1

ext2/3/4 if memory serves me. FAT/NTFS definitely don't allow

Answer 2

NTFS allows, but Windows won't work well with such files. If you create under Linux and write different contents there, but when you open both, Windows will still open only one of them (although both will be displayed in the folder).