How to properly install programs "not in the package"?

Question

linux

There are programs that are not installed from the package manager, but are downloaded from the off site in the form of a .tar.gz archive (usually proprietary). I have a lot of problems with them every time. I don't understand how to install them at all. I asked more than once - everyone says to throw them in the home folder, but I absolutely don’t want to see them there !!! I want them to be somewhere in the system folders like all other programs that are installed by package managers. How to achieve this? For example, at least in /opt to zafigachit them. And here it’s obviously not enough just to copy them there and run them from there. There after all still a heap of problems with permissions arises. Because they often want to write some files to their folder, but writing to system folders is possible only with sudo and they break off and do not want to work. :( Or, for example, you copy them there with sudo, and they want to write to your home folder, but because were copied from the root, not the user, then they cannot write to the user's home folder ...

Answer 1

everyone says to put them in the home folder, but I absolutely don’t want to see them there

This is fine. Moreover, this is the preferred method, because such an installation does not require superuser rights.

Answer 2

One of the best solutions to your problem would be to use a package builder. For example PKGBUILD/makepkg on Archlinux or spec-file/rpmbuild on rpm based distributions.

Answer 3

tar -xf archive.tar -C /opt/ 
sudo chown -R $USER /opt/your_program_dir/ # меняем владельца на текущего юзера
chmod +x /opt/your_program_dir/executable # даём права на исполнение
sudo ln -s /opt/your_program_dir/executable /usr/local/bin/ # создаём симлинк в директорию, содержащуюся в $PATH

you can also add /usr/share/applications here