How to optimize near by search?

Question

MySQL

There is a table Museums, which stores latitude and longitude (latitude / longitude).
The user on the site can select the search options: nearby / 5km / 10km.
When the user submits a search request, we take the user's latitude/longitude, iterate through each entry in the Museums table, and calculate the distance between the museum and the user to find museums that are nearby. How can such a search be optimized? Is it possible to somehow reduce the number of records from the Museums table that we will go through? By what principle can points be excluded from the search in advance?
Thank you.