How to make such an animation of the bones?

Question

3D

How to make the top bone move exactly in a straight line from left to right without turning - only the lower bones turn.

Answer 1

Understood. Created an Empty, and specified it as the Target of the inverse kinematics modifier.
Empty also animated.

Answer 2

The thing you need is called Inverse Kinematics. It is better to search in English Inverse Kinematics (or IK). This is so that the final bone controls all the previous ones. And you can limit the rotation and movement of the bone horizontally using constraints (constraints)