How to make replacements in text that is not between characters/tags?

Question

PHP

For example, there is some text:

"text text anchor text [special] text text text anchor text [/special] text text anchor text"

you need to find / replace all the words "anchor", but not the one that is inside the [special] tags [/special]

Answer 1

preg_replace('#якорь|\[special\].*?\[/special\](*SKIP)(*F)#s', 'TXT', $str);

https://regex101.com/r/RGvDXI/2