How to make a selection with populate?

Question

MongoDB

I don’t understand how to make a selection by the fields that populate fills
The selection itself

Posts
        .find({
             public: true
        }, {
            id: 1,
            url: 1
        })
        .sort({ createdAt: -1 })
        .skip(d.query.skip)
        .limit(d.query.limit)
        .populate('likes', 'id')
        .populate('owner', 'id name username avatar')
        .populate('catalog', 'id url name', {'url': 'CATALOG_NAME'})
        .exec((e, data) => {

            return c(e, data)
    });

As a result, I get all records where the catalog (CATALOG_NAME) matches, the catalog field is filled, and where it is not displayed simply null
I need to select records only with a certain category, where the catalog URL matches the passed key.
How can this be done?