How to fix internet connection error in Debian 8 guest?

Question

Debian

Greetings.
I'm running Windows 10 x64 with VirtualBox installed. Network adapter interface for guest OS: NAT. On a simple install, Debian chose only system utilities (ie not installed: SSH, web server, print server, GUI).

1. Once installed, the following command runs successfully:
   telnet ya.ru 80
   
2. Next, I configure netfilter:
   

   iptables -F
   iptables -t nat -F
   iptables -X
   iptables -P FORWARD DROP
   iptables -P INPUT   DROP
   iptables -P OUTPUT  ACCEPT
   iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
   iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
   iptables -A INPUT -i lo -p all -j ACCEPT
   sh -c "iptables-save > /etc/iptables.rules"

   
   
3. I prescribe automatic application of settings in /etc/network/interfaces:
   

   auto eth0
   iface eth0 inet dhcp
       pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules

   
   
4. I reboot the virtual machine. netfilter settings applied.
   
5. The following command fails with a message that data could not be retrieved:
   telnet ya.ru 80
   Error: Telnet : Temporary failure in name resolution : Host name lookup failure
   

What is the problem? Obviously netfilter is not configured correctly. Could this be a feature of using Debian as a guest virtual OS?

Answer 1

Allow to receive answers to DNS requests. UDP 53 port. In OUTPUT it is allowed, but in INPUT DROP, of course, DNS will not work and will not work.