How to find out why a hard disk partition is not being read?

Question

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Not so long ago, a hard drive crashed due to overheating. It was clear that the tracks on the hard drive board were set on fire, wiped them, the hard drive came to life, but it was not mounted for a long time, and then it was not readable when connected (via the sata-usb adapter) while the system was running.
But when you select a boot source, it is displayed and it is even possible to restore the system from its recovery partition. The main section is not readable. Tried to fix it with disk utility, didn't help. Nothing can be done from Windows, because Windows does not know what the Mac OS Extended file system is.
How to understand what is with the partition, can it somehow be restored on its own?

Answer 1

And this and that to typeset in parts with pseudo-elements, an example is here .
An example of styles for the first task:

section {
    position: relative;
}

section::after {
    background: url(bla.png) center bottom;
    botton: 0;
    height: NNpx;
    left: 0;
    position: absolute;
    right: 0;
    width: 100%;
}

The gray background is transparent:
I would divide the frame into the following parts:
In unnecessary places, borders and border-radii are removed.

Answer 2

take it to a data recovery service before it's completely "dead"

Answer 3

Of course you can, you need to add damaged partitions to badblock via fsck and mount the disk. You can extract something (e2fsck and other utilities), except for completely damaged tracks.