How to enable sound in Ubuntu?

Question

linux

There is a mute icon in the tray. When you press and try to click "mute", nothing happens, there are no devices in the sound settings in Output, although there used to be. I understand that the problem is in the user, that is, in me, but I did not touch anything related to sound.
With the help of alsamixer, the sound was fixed, i.e. everything is reproduced, even it turned out to change the default sound card from hdmi to a human one (at least, alsa displays it now without the need for F6-changing the card), but:
- On the sound icon in the tray, as it was mute, it remains.
- Sound does not automatically switch to headphones (3.5 mm). Not that he is both here and there at the same time, as is often the case, but simply as if he does not see the jack.
Actually: How do I unwind the sound that is on the tray icon, how to make everything appear back in playback devices and how to fix automatic switching between playback devices (headphones-speakers-bluetooth device)?
I would be extremely grateful, the second day on the forums I run the configs and set up.
update: No, there is no sound again, although in alsamixer and auto-mute is turned off and all the sliders are at the top, nothing is muddied.

Answer 1

pavucontrol
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PulseAudio