How to determine if two or more colors are similar?

Question

Algorithms

There are several colors. Let's say 1 purple, 2 pink, 3 red, 4 blue. Their values ​​are set in RGB format
. There is a base color, for example, burgundy.

The task is to arrange the colors in descending order of their similarity to the base. Similarities from the point of view of a normal person (not colorblind).

For example, for burgundy it is red>pink>purple>blue.

And by what algorithm does this person do it? It is necessary to simulate such an algorithm on a computer. It is clear that there are different people and the algorithm may differ in weighting factors. But how to do it in general?
Can you post links to read about this?

Answer 1

Color difference formula , also color difference formula , color difference , or color distance (distance between colors) is a mathematical representation that allows you to numerically express the difference between two colors in colorimetry.

Answer 2

IMHO: this is a combination of the position of the color in the rainbow, brightness and saturation

Answer 3

RBG > HSL and sort by all three keys: hue, saturation and lightness

Answer 4

Distance on 3 channels: R, G, B (transparency - optional)
_base - these are the channels of the base (reference, reference) color, against which we check.
R, G, B - channels of the checked color:

R=abs(Rbase-R)
G=abs(Gbase-G)
B=abs(Bbase-B)
D=(sqrt(R^2+G^2)+sqrt(G^2+B^2)+sqrt(B^2+R^2))/3

where D is the distance of the checked color from the base one.
We sort D in the right order for each color and get the similarity depending on the sort.