How to create UI elements without interface builder?

Question

Apple Xcode

For example. We create a list. Each list item has interface elements (button input fields, etc.)
Are there any books (ru/en) with a focus on interface builder, creating your own interface elements?

Answer 1

For your viewController, create an interface in the viewDidLoad method

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];
    UIView *mySubview = ;
    [self.view addSubview:mySubview];

We have created a blue 200x200 square centered at (150;150) on a red background.