How to classify Russian words by parts of speech?

Question

Computational linguistics

The input of the program gets a word or words in the context, you need to determine what part of speech this word is, for example, Verb , Adjective or Noun .
What are the ways to do this?
The first thing that comes to mind is the use of a dictionary with all the words, but this is a very long time, perhaps there are some faster ways?

Answer 1

Dictionary of morphemes and morphological analysis of the word. I think so, but it's not certain.

Are there any faster ways?

If the reliability of the definition is ~ 70%..80% suits (the figure is intuitive, from a lantern), then it can be trite in terms of endings. For example, "run away", "fly" - verbs with typical endings for verbs. But suddenly we meet "barn" and "gat" and without a dictionary we define them as verbs too. So it is reliable - only with a dictionary.
PS In Esperanto 100% is possible without a dictionary, the creator of the language did his best there.