How to backup servers on ubuntu/debian?

Question

Backup

There are two tasks
1. System backup with all configs and installed packages. To simplify, you can limit yourself to only standard packages that are available in the repository. That is, the task is to quickly deploy a copy of the system from a software point of view on the same or new hardware. Perhaps a scripting option that will install everything you need on a bare system and restore the configs. With the ability to check the performance of each program element.
2. Make backup copies of files in the indicated directories.
The solution must be free. An incremental backup is not required. Should pack and digest large files.

Answer 1

It is possible not with images, but with the rsync script to mirror it into a certain ball. Here is a good script - I have adapted it a little on combat servers. I make an increment with a depth of 7-14 days. It is convenient to restore - you copy and that's it. Its meaning is that fs is synchronized starting from / and the backup directory. If the files are modified, they are stored in /backup/main. What was previously in main (the old version of the file) goes to the Deleted-%data% directory. After some time has elapsed, the script deletes the oldest, in its opinion, Delete-%data%.