How many seconds to transfer video/audio streams?

Question

Video broadcast

Well, let's say I have a video [email protected], I transmit it over the network.
How much to send 1 frame? 1/30 second.
Or 1 second? And let the user wait until there 1 second is buffered and displayed.
Or 15 frames half a second?
It's the same with audio.
But if it is compressed to transfer 1 second at once, then this is 1 data packet and, for example, 1 MB with audio.
And if there is also video for 1 frame, then this is 0.3 mb, because all the headers of the upper-level protocols will also be.
What time is used by everyone? For example, what fragments YouTube will download the video in the browser. Or twitch streams.
Skype / Discord for how many seconds does it transmit sound in fragments?

Answer 1

The stream is usually transmitted at the maximum speed after compression, and the compression / decompression + buffering time determines the delay if this is a live stream.
If it's just a record, then it is transmitted with a speed limit in bitrate + a little bit per client, sometimes at the beginning without a limit, to speed up the buffer filling.
In some protocols, the file is actually divided into parts in order to save traffic by not downloading unnecessary parts, or it is easier to change the resolution in the process, for example in HLS.
In general, I think you should read about protocols: HLS, MPEG-DASH, RTMP, etc.