How is data encrypted in HTTPS?

Question

Communication protocols

Trying to understand how HTTPS works, I read the following:

Data protection in HTTPS is provided by the SSL / TLS cryptographic protocol, which encrypts the transmitted information

But then I went to the site with https, for example I took Facebook, and when transferring the login / password data, I still see the data in clear text, which prevents the attacker from reading the same data? Nothing is encrypted. Apparently I misunderstand something, maybe there are articles in a simple language that describe how it all works?

Answer 1

In simple words:
Thanks to this, attackers cannot get your data by simply intercepting traffic.

Answer 2

I still see the data in open form

The data inside the browser is not encrypted, what is encrypted is what is directly transmitted over the network. If you run some kind of traffic sniffer, you will see that everything comes out of the browser already in encrypted form. And in developer tools, it makes no sense to encrypt something, they are made for this, so that you can see the request data.