How is an OS for cars made?

Question

linux

How and on what are electronic transport control systems made? Particularly cars. That is, now there are a lot of control systems. BMW, Mercedes. You can use your phone to adjust the brightness of the interior lighting, the volume of music, etc. What is it made on? On bare metal without an OS? Or is there still an OS, for example, based on the Linux kernel.
I want to implement such control. I look towards the Raspberry pi. But a lot of questions both on hardware and on the structure of the OS. Multimedia separately, and the control system separately?

Answer 1

Various operating systems. Most often, their own based on heavily re-sawed (as a good alternative example of an OS on ps2-3-4 in which something is on freebsd but at the same time is no longer freebsd).
From available to mortals there is android auto and something from baidu.
Many manufacturers divide their brains into 2 parts, one part works directly with the car itself (for example, based on QNXcar) and the second half on the usual webos\unix+qt and is responsible for multimedia\navigator\cameras, etc.
In your case, you need to look approximately in the following direction:
1) reverse the CAN bus in the car to find the necessary nodes that you want to control / watch
2) can adapter for raspberry pi.
3) self-written software, for example, on qt \ java with the necessary Wishlist for ui and anything else
4) sprinkle on top with the required number of buttons (for example, they stuck a steering wheel from some kind of Honda Civic that has not a steering wheel but a space steering wheel and hooked it to your raspberry ).
In general, it is for what you want (to control from your phone \ your chips) that the OS does not play a role, it does not play the role of which PL, it plays the role of reversing the CAN bus and writing software that can read / write to the bus, and of course ui.

Answer 2

Differently. Somewhere based on Linux, somewhere their own options.
There is evidence that Tesla has an OS based on Ubuntu.
In addition, there were many operating systems in the world that have sunk into oblivion, and then surfaced in a new quality. The same PalmOS aka HPOS aka WebOS, and now he is slowly going to the car.
Ford has Ford Sync.
In general, this is not particularly open information, because the OS is not custom, and the manufacturer can change its plans without notifying the user.

Answer 3

Just like the usual ones, they take C or C ++ and write, only instead of printers they interrogate all the electronic devices of the car

Answer 4

There are many levels. Interior lighting and buttons on the steering wheel - from the top.
And in the depths, most often - a separate and fairly isolated realtime core (rtos, qnx based), more precisely, several independent cores for critical systems and then layers of comfort. Moreover, the cores are separate hardware, up to completely separate boxes (engine control module, ABS module, SRS, on top of all kinds of ESP) of different levels of importance. All sorts of GEMs are already the latest and least priority level, which "steers" the interior lighting, switching the radio, etc.
Well, all this communicates with each other via several can-buses, some of which can be reached directly, and some can only be reached through the gatekeeper in the form of a central ECU
And yes, not all manufacturers and do not always do the CUD with high quality ... you can find on the Internet an analysis of hundreds of thousands of jambs of Toyota software, for example -)

Answer 5

Worked somehow in "automotive".
We used QNX and custom Linux.
I would recommend the latter since there are a lot of customization manuals and other resources.