How does the module find wifi?

Question

Arduino

I don’t do Arduino, I don’t do circuitry and all that. This is probably why the question seems stupid, but still I'm interested, so I'll ask.
How does the board know which network to connect to, or how does it search? Well, that is, in a general sense, without details. I understand that the module can only connect to the network (transmit or receive data) or detect them (scan). But the choice itself is handled by the code that the developer writes. Right? Or is it some other way? There can be many networks, and some even with passwords.

Answer 1

If very simplified with a bunch of assumptions.
The module knows the communication protocol
Option 1:
You tell the module to find all networks, it starts listening to the air and gives a list of available networks
Option 2:
You tell the module to connect to a specific network, here is its name and password. The module starts yelling into space and calling the network by name until it responds, if it responds, it says the password, etc.
Each module has its own communication protocol, for example, it can be connected to arduino via com port. Arduino downloads a command through the port, receives data in response.
For example:
connect <network name> <password> - connection request
ok - module response that the connection has been created