How does an analog input device work in a computer?

Question

Electronics

You need to build a structure. I would like links to sources describing the principle of operation, and to all materials whose topics are similar.
ps already googled

Answer 1

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog-to-digital_converter

Answer 2

analog sensor / sensor, such as a potentiometer or something like that - ADC - processor (via data bus and all that).