How do the mechanical properties of a part change when it is scaled?

Question

Physics

let's say there is a working small-scale chassis model - for example, a supporting frame and wheels - for example, 1 meter
wheels are cast from polyurethane - the frame is assembled with bolts from pieces of metal
during the test it turned out that the model has a load capacity of 100 kg
question - if the model is proportionally increased ten times to 10 meters - scale linearly - what will be the test results?
what if a hundred times?
is this the normal way to develop?
Do the material properties change linearly when the part is scaled?
the flexibility of the wheels, the strength of the frame, the strength of the gears...

Answer 1

The load capacity in a good way should be clarified at the design stage, not testing.
There are material properties such as flexibility and strength, and they are considered constant when scaling as long as the deformations are small. And there are the characteristics of the part, such as the weight it can withstand. The size can be increased by 10 times, and as a first approximation, a square-cube will really work. But the more complex the device, the more nuances will have to be taken into account. For example, due to the increase in mass relative to the area, the friction in the axles per unit area will increase, etc.