How do scientists explore space?

Question

Space

For example, sometimes I see news that something has been discovered at a distance of 12 BILLION light years. As far as I remember from a school physics course, information does not travel faster than the speed of light, that is, they can only record what happened 12 billion years ago, and not now. An object at that distance might not exist at all now?

Answer 1

An object at that distance might not exist at all now?

Maybe. Many of the stars we enjoy at night are long dead.
Answering the question from the title in relation to the topic - read here about methods for measuring distances in space: https://spacegid.com/rasstoyaniya-v-kosmose.html