How do satellites and space stations stay in orbit?

Question

Space

Why don't satellites and space stations fall to Earth and fly away into space?
How are they kept in orbit?
And by the way, how do they achieve that objects in orbit do not collide with each other?
How are the trajectories of orbital objects corrected?

Answer 1

Who told you that satellites don't fall? the whole point is that they are falling, and in order not to meet the planet they are accelerated to the first cosmic speed, as a result they fly past the earth at the same speed as they fall on it - when the balance of these speeds is reached, it turns out that the satellites fly around the earth along circular trajectory, falling endlessly but never meeting the ground.
The most fun is in geostationary orbit - the speed of the satellite is equal to the speed of the planet's rotation around its axis, it turns out that the satellite hangs over the same point on the planet.
When the speed is exceeded or the speed vector changes, the circular trajectory changes and becomes elongated, up to the departure from the planet (second space velocity)
So that the satellites do not collide - they are monitored and the flight path is calculated so that this does not happen (or vice versa it happened on purpose - it already happened)

Answer 2

You will go to the 9th grade, they will explain everything at the physics lessons.
But, of course, you can figure it out on your own.
https://interneturok.ru/lesson/physics/9-klass/zak...

Answer 3

So, according to Newton's 1st law, a body in the absence of external forces moves in a straight line. But in our case, the satellite is affected by the gravitational force, therefore, adding two vectors (the motion vector tangent to the earth's surface and the vector directed to the center of the earth, we obtain the resulting force vector).
As a result of its influence, the satellite descends to a certain height but at the same time moves forward. Therefore, the orbit takes the form of a ball or an ellipse.

Answer 4

I won’t paint it myself, but I’ll just give this - Alexander Chirtsov - Gravity development of views from Newton to Einstein - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbNDpSshTIY

Answer 5

They are kept in orbit by the Earth's magnetic field, since at the distance at which the satellites are located, the magnetic field cannot attract them so much that they fall to the Earth, but keeps them in orbit + the satellites move at a speed of 8 km per second.