How do decentralized systems connect?

Question

Computer networks

In general, the question is how, when launched, the program finds another computer on the Internet to connect to it?
I don’t think that it just sorts out all possible ip addresses, and as far as I know, broadcasting on the Internet is not possible

Answer 1

Bitcoin and Tor (listed in the tags) use bootstrap servers to which they connect to get an initial list of available nodes. Something like a torrent tracker.
Then DHT comes into play .

Answer 2

The meshbird documentation says that they have DHT, but it connects instantly, which, I suspect, is just in the encryption key all information about the address.