How do card-to-card money transfer services work?

Question

Payment systems

I have always been very interested in the theoretical part of this issue. How does it work in general?
Let's take the minimum. Let's say there is Bank A , and there is Bank B.
At the same time, each bank has its own payment processing system - sometimes the one that was released in the 90s.
And there is an intermediary service that allows users to transfer money from card to card .
Question - each bank implements a certain API for this intermediary service? Or is there some standard protocol that the bank is obliged to implement, and the intermediary simply develops a software wrapper for this protocol?
Here is an example of such an intermediary: https://www.tinkoff.ru/cardtocard/
and more interesting and on the topic -https://www.ipay.ua/ru/p2p

Answer 1

1) The service enters into an agreement with the one who provides the payment gateway. And he pays in advance. For example, 1 million rubles.
2) After that, the API service has the right to dispose of the mentioned million (minus the payment gateway commission). That is, it can indicate to the payment gateway where to put money on which card. Until the prepaid million ran out.
3) In order not to do this at your own expense, in order to receive money from users, you need the same agreement with the one who provides the gateway. But already a gateway to receive money. It's easier with this - you can connect yourself like a regular online store.
4) After some time, usually the next day, less often after 3 days - the money you received in the gateway is transferred to a bank account.
Gateways for receiving money and gateways for sending money can be different, taken from different companies. Moreover, you can use one gateway for some payments, another for some payments, and a third for some payments.
But at least one is needed.

Answer 2

Make transfers via mastercard and visa

Answer 3

Examples of api p2p transfers
alfabank https://api.alfabank.ru/node/165
RFI BANK https://confluence.rficb.ru/pages/viewpage.action?...

Answer 4

The Visa and Master API multiplied by the restrictions of local laws: for example, it is often forbidden to transfer to semi-anonymous prepaid cards, abroad, etc.
there is enough information on the bin code to route the transfer attempt,
your examples are served by the processing center within the country, hence the small commissions (for example, a multi-country transfer costs 7+ percent dollars outside - see the same Skrill)

Answer 5

Quite rudely - like a "purchase" (that is, a transaction through an international payment system, Visa or MasterCard) with a certain MCC code. Just with a more "expensive" in terms of settlements with the Ministry of Railways.
This operation is processed with the participation of the payment system, just like any other operation that requires the bank to settle with the IPS.
Visa transfers - МСС 6012, 6051, 4829.
MasterCard MoneySend transfers - 6538, 6536, 6537.