How compatible are unofficial localizations, crowdfunding and copyright?

Question

Machine translation from one language to another

I have long been interested in the question of the legality of the existence of unofficial non-commercial localizations of games in Russian. Although precedents in this area are practically absent, I would like to know for sure the answers to the following questions:

1. Does the mere fact of translating a work (read: games) into Russian without the consent of the copyright holders violate any copyright?
2. Is it legal to non-commercially distribute such translations in the form of a patch, but not modified files, an image or a game distribution?
3. If everything is more or less clear with the usual donate, is it legal to use crowdfunding in the implementation of unofficial non-commercial localizations?
4. Provided that all of the above does not violate anything, then how legal is it possible to profit from the process, even indirectly (for example, advertising on the site)?

If you draw a parallel with gadgets and accessories for them, then very often you can quite freely buy a lotion from a third-party manufacturer for any device. To what extent is this practice applicable to software products?

Answer 1

Of course, unfortunately, all of this is illegal.
It's just that the indirect popularization of the game is beneficial for the game manufacturer, and it is reluctant to fool around with the suppression of violations. The image of the company also deteriorates.
That is, localization really should interfere with official sales, be 'against the party line' in order to cover it up :)

Answer 2

Your question has an answer. As far as I know, everything depends on the documents, the agreement that accompanies the product itself. That is, for example, the modification of any files violates something or not - the copyright holder decides (or rather, his attentive legal department, for example). Something like this.