How are investments made in online projects, the sale of shares?

Question

Computer networks

Please provide information on how shares in online projects are sold, on what basis they are evaluated, how is the partnership proceeding in the future?
For example, the owner sold 30% of the project for a certain amount of money, and should he invest this money in the project? Or he sold it, and then the investor, together with the main owner, invests.
Can someone explain the investment practice)

Answer 1

On investing, watch the IIDF video materials.
IIDF is an accelerator "Internet Initiatives Development Fund" I
recommend the video (the first 60 minutes) - it helped me a lot to understand how to calculate what share to sell, and to understand what investors are looking at, in particular IIDF investors.

Answer 2

Everyone does what is written in the contracts. There are no universal general laws of investing.

Answer 3

1. Projects are made for sale or for profit from their work.
2. You give away a stake in a project to get something. It can be money or work (in the broadest sense).
3. The one who receives a share in your project expects that his invested money or effort will pay off in multiples.
Investing can be imagined as if you donate money to a project - you brought an idea, knowledge, time; someone money; someone is a unique resource - and distribute shares based on the value of your contributions to the project. Now you are together interested in the development of this project.
Example. You are making a website (conditional banks.ru or auto.ru), the site brings 20K per month, there is growth potential and the site can bring 500K per month, or it can be bought by conditional Yandex for 100M if you manage to take a large share of your market. You understand that for such growth you need to spend 3M on advertising, hiring employees, normal servers ... but they are not. You are looking for an investor with an offer: you give me 3M of the current valuation of the project at 10M, for this I give 30%, and thanks to this money, we will achieve 10x growth, respectively, the valuation of the entire project will increase. If agreed, you receive money and do everything possible with their help to achieve results.
Options.
If the project consistently has a good profitability, you can sell the share so that the investor further receives profit from it, and you buy a Tesla with the proceeds.
The project can be bought entirely by a large investor. At the same time, it may not even make a profit, moreover, be unprofitable (like Uber), but the customer base and growth dynamics may be valued.
You can give a share of the project not only for money, but also for some resource. A simple example: you take an assistant, he has nothing to pay, but he is ready to work for free (or for cheap) for the sake of future profits. More exotic, you find someone who will arrange for Putin to talk live about Vyatsky kvass, give him 50% of the business, but then Vyatsky kvass will be in every Pyaterochka and Perekrestok.

Answer 4

Investments in the project are carried out in accordance with the signed agreement. What does it mean?
- You need money, and the investor needs a project to invest, you find each other and conclude:
a) First - the intention to invest;
b) Further - the agreement on investment.
- In this agreement, you prescribe what share of the authorized capital will be given to the investor in exchange for the n-sum of investments.
- If the investment goals (discounted income for the n-period) are achieved, the investor exits the share by selling it back to you or reselling it to 3rd parties, it is better to provide for all this in the contract. There is also a special document for the sale of a share.
Sale example: You gave the investor a 30% stake in the management company. Your project began to bring $10M and the investor decided to exit, as he had already recouped his investment and went to + (return on investment). 30% of 10M of income for the period and will be the share transfer issue price. This is approximately how the transfer goes, in this case, the investor pulls out his money + the accumulated amount of NPV (net profit)
I hope the answer will be useful)