How and where do taxes from Patreon donations go?

Question

Donations

I stumbled upon the Vue.js developer page on Patreon (this is a confirmation that this is one of the few live donation platforms). I decided to register and link to Payoneer.
In the process of filling out the W-8BEN form, I reached the point Special rates and condition, which raises several questions:
- why is withholding tax for Russia 0%, and for Ukraine - 10%? (maybe this is not accurate data, everything I found on the network)
- is this percentage always fixed or does it depend on the type of service?
- why do you need to specify these data if they should not be determined by the resident? (on the advice of one of the sources, I just left the fields blank)
And also how does it work according to the laws, if you filled out this form, is it necessary to pay tax in your country when receiving income from abroad? Otherwise, without this form, 30% tax will be deducted?

Answer 1

this Royalty Tax
goes to the US state,
since for it you are not a tax resident (otherwise you would fill out the W9 form), then it is problematic to take tax from you, and the state takes from the source of payment
so it is taken not only for royalties, but also, for example, for alimony and other tax payments
are reviewed on the whole annually, look for sources on irs.gov and trasure.gov, but it does not change so often,
there are several categories - video, copyright creations (images, text), software, etc.
for many countries it is 0 or 5%, the maximum is about 15, for those who have not signed the agreement - the same 30%