Fundamental knowledge for a programmer?

Question

IT education

At the moment I'm working on the frontend, gradually delving into the backend. Over time, I want to move to python and do more interesting things. For this, as I understand it, more fundamental knowledge is needed than what I have. What is a 'musthave' for a programmer? What categories do you need to know? What sources can you draw from?

Answer 1

All sorts of deeply theoretical mathematics and the theory of algorithms, and sorting are useful for brain training, but not useful in practice.
Not theoretical knowledge is important.
Everyday basic for a programmer is his own practice and so-called. "best practices", etc. "patterns" (which you shouldn't learn, they will come by themselves, but it's still worth reading about them).
The best way:
Go to work in a large company, where there are more experienced colleagues.
On your own is the worst way, but you can:
Read current articles on your technologies . Read up-to-date articles on technologies in areas related to yours.

Answer 2

Usually at the university they give fundamental knowledge. Yes, and for different specialists they need different ones.
Game developers need to know physics, web developers need to be able to design databases.
I can't speak for python, but for php it's fine. The first thing to do is to determine the sequence of the development cycle, for web development, from personal experience, I highlight the following stages:
Violation of the sequence or omission of an item - leads to an irreversible collapse. It’s also important not to be a perfectionist, you don’t need to try to cram all the features into the first release, in this case you don’t even have to start writing technical specifications, nothing will come of it, just like your program will never come out. You need to limit yourself to basic functionality.
Regarding the web: you need to work with git at least minimally, use various builders that save a ton of time (grunt, gulp), use package managers (composer, npm; in the case of python, this is pip), use frameworks and CMS (not reinvent the wheel), be able to invent bicycles (for small one-time tasks).
Understand for what purposes you need python and start exploring all aspects of the issue. You can see the white spots yourself.

Answer 3

In addition to mathematics and the algorithms already mentioned, read SICP and something about design patterns (patterns).