Does the bitcoin system only reward a whole block?

Question

bitcoin

I'm trying to understand the intricacies of how bitcoin works in theoretical terms.
As I understand it, the bitcoin "system" gives a reward to the user-miner only when he solves the problem, i.e. pick/guess the hash for the next block. At the moment, the reward for 1 block is 12.5 BTC.
Well, either the miner user receives a piece of BTC in payment for the transaction.
If bitcoins are mainly earned by "solving" the block, then how do novice miners or solo miners who just have a video card in their PC and decide to mine earn? They cannot compete with mining pools and, accordingly, none of the beginners / singles will be able to pick up a hash for a block faster than pools. Accordingly, only pools take block rewards.
Actually the question is:
If the reward is credited only when you solved the hash for the block, and farms do this more efficiently, and ordinary users with one GPU have almost no chance of solving the block faster than farms, then how do lone beginners earn?
Or when the hash for the block has been chosen, then the reward (currently 12.5 BTC) is distributed among all nodes in the network, depending on who has what power and how much this power was online?

Answer 1

All commissions for the transactions included in the block and for the block itself go to the miner.
People join pools. The pool for the network looks like one big miner. If the pool has found a block, then the reward is distributed among the pool participants in proportion to their contribution (i.e. power * time).
Miners not related to the pool do not receive anything.