Difference between cmd/shell/bash/dash?

Question

linux

Good afternoon,
I can't understand the difference between these 4 cmd/shell/bash/dash concepts.
Please explain, for someone who is "in the tank". One is a command line, the other is a terminal emulator.
Porridge in the head because of this. Thanks in advance for your replies.

Answer 1

shell is the general name of the operating system shells, which are globally divided into graphical and text
shells cmd - command shell in windows
bash/dash - command shells in Linux

Answer 2

None of these programs are terminal emulators.
All these programs are command processors. They are similar in that they interpret user input and immediately execute it.
They differ in syntax and capabilities.