Are there any programs (program.EXE) that simulate the operation of the entire computer? Or is there something interactive for learning?

Question

Iron

I never played, but I saw a video where in minecraft (a game with cubes) they assembled a computer with an operating system and even with programs inside. Does anyone know what simulators, games or video materials or something from visualizations of the computer, or any parts. operating system. Or maybe some algorithms, or is there or what is the name of the category of training software?
Or maybe there are some small open source dos operating systems that are as understandable as possible for learning. Without a thousand files that I saw on github.

Answer 1

The programs you are looking for are called simulators. Simulators of complete computers (or rather, processor + parts of motherboard devices, just embedded systems) exist, but they are designed for professionals involved in the creation of new processors, video cards, other modern complex devices, in order to be able to write and test software in iron development time, even before the first engineering samples were received.
You're probably fine with visual simulations of processors and systems from the 80s and 90s, like the Motorola 68000 and the like. They highlight in which area of ​​memory or register the assembler instruction changed the value, the current state of various subsystems is displayed.
www.easy68k.com
If this is a simulator of a finished device (a game console, for example), then it also displays the state of the graphics adapter, its memory, sound subsystem registers, etc.
https://fceux.com/web/help/Debugger.html
There are also the lowest level transistor level simulators.
visual6502.org/JSSim/index.html

Answer 2

There are full computer simulators, such as QEMU, but the modern operating system is too huge to visualize the whole thing. You can poke everything in the simulation - registers, streams, memory, but you need to know what to poke.
We studied all this for 5 years at the university - the subjects "computer architecture", "Operating systems", assembler, algorithms and algorithmic languages ​​... If you are really interested in this, read books on computer architecture and operating systems, but it may take years to study