Why is the Internet not working in the phonegap application for andoid?

Question

Android

Started learning programming for Phonegap. I downloaded a desktop application from the phonegap website, with the help of which I generated my first mobile application. I am programming using jquery mobile. Under the browser and via Phonegap, the desktop application works great and ajax requests via $.post() are sent fine, but as soon as I build via the build.phonegap.com service, the Internet stops working and requests from the mobile application stop leaving. What can be wrong? It's been killing me for a few days now.
I tried to add to the config as advised in various articles

<gap:config-file target="AndroidManifest.xml" (либо platform="android") parent="/manifest">
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
    </gap:config-file>

but that didn't help either.
<access origin="*"/>- put down initially, on the server side it is added to the header when replies

response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
 response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE");
 response.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "3600");
 response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "x-requested-with");

What am I missing?
config.xml

<widget
        xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/widgets"
        xmlns:gap="http://phonegap.com/ns/1.0"
        id="com.easymerch.mobile"
        version="1.0.10">
    <name>mobile</name>
    <description>Hello World sample application that responds to the deviceready event.</description>
    <author href="http://phonegap.com" email="[email protected]">PhoneGap Team</author>
    <content src="index.html"/>
    <preference name="permissions" value="none"/>
    <preference name="orientation" value="default"/>
    <preference name="target-device" value="universal"/>
    <preference name="fullscreen" value="true"/>
    <preference name="webviewbounce" value="true"/>
    <preference name="prerendered-icon" value="true"/>
    <preference name="stay-in-webview" value="false"/>
    <preference name="ios-statusbarstyle" value="black-opaque"/>
    <preference name="detect-data-types" value="true"/>
    <preference name="exit-on-suspend" value="false"/>
    <preference name="show-splash-screen-spinner" value="true"/>
    <preference name="auto-hide-splash-screen" value="true"/>
    <preference name="disable-cursor" value="false"/>
    <preference name="android-minSdkVersion" value="14"/>
    <preference name="android-installLocation" value="auto"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.battery-status"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.camera"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.media-capture"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.console"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.contacts"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.device"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.device-motion"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.device-orientation"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.dialogs"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.file"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.file-transfer"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.geolocation"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.globalization"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.inappbrowser"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.media"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.network-information"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.splashscreen"/>
    <gap:plugin name="org.apache.cordova.vibration"/>
    <icon src="icon.png"/>
    <icon src="www/res/icon/android/icon-36-ldpi.png" gap:platform="android" gap:qualifier="ldpi"/>
    <icon src="www/res/icon/android/icon-48-mdpi.png" gap:platform="android" gap:qualifier="mdpi"/>
    <icon src="www/res/icon/android/icon-72-hdpi.png" gap:platform="android" gap:qualifier="hdpi"/>
    <icon src="www/res/icon/android/icon-96-xhdpi.png" gap:platform="android" gap:qualifier="xhdpi"/>
    <icon src="www/res/icon/blackberry/icon-80.png" gap:platform="blackberry"/>
    <icon src="www/res/icon/blackberry/icon-80.png" gap:platform="blackberry" gap:state="hover"/>
    <icon src="www/res/icon/ios/icon-57.png" gap:platform="ios" width="57" height="57"/>
    <icon src="www/res/icon/ios/icon-72.png" gap:platform="ios" width="72" height="72"/>
    <icon src="www/res/icon/ios/icon-57-2x.png" gap:platform="ios" width="114" height="114"/>
    <icon src="www/res/icon/ios/icon-72-2x.png" gap:platform="ios" width="144" height="144"/>
    <icon src="www/res/icon/webos/icon-64.png" gap:platform="webos"/>
    <icon src="www/res/icon/windows-phone/icon-48.png" gap:platform="winphone"/>
    <icon src="www/res/icon/windows-phone/icon-173-tile.png" gap:platform="winphone" gap:role="background"/>
    <gap:splash src="www/res/screen/android/screen-ldpi-portrait.png" gap:platform="android" gap:qualifier="port-ldpi"/>
    <gap:splash src="www/res/screen/android/screen-mdpi-portrait.png" gap:platform="android" gap:qualifier="port-mdpi"/>
    <gap:splash src="www/res/screen/android/screen-hdpi-portrait.png" gap:platform="android" gap:qualifier="port-hdpi"/>
    <gap:splash src="www/res/screen/android/screen-xhdpi-portrait.png" gap:platform="android"
                gap:qualifier="port-xhdpi"/>
    <gap:splash src="www/res/screen/blackberry/screen-225.png" gap:platform="blackberry"/>
    <gap:splash src="www/res/screen/ios/screen-iphone-portrait.png" gap:platform="ios" width="320" height="480"/>
    <gap:splash src="www/res/screen/ios/screen-iphone-portrait-2x.png" gap:platform="ios" width="640" height="960"/>
    <gap:splash src="www/res/screen/ios/screen-iphone-portrait-568h-2x.png" gap:platform="ios" width="640"
                height="1136"/>
    <gap:splash src="www/res/screen/ios/screen-ipad-portrait.png" gap:platform="ios" width="768" height="1024"/>
    <gap:splash src="www/res/screen/ios/screen-ipad-landscape.png" gap:platform="ios" width="1024" height="768"/>
    <gap:splash src="www/res/screen/windows-phone/screen-portrait.jpg" gap:platform="winphone"/>
    <access origin="*"/>
    <plugin name="cordova-plugin-whitelist" version="1"/>
    <allow-intent href="http://*/*"/>
    <allow-intent href="https://*/*"/>
    <allow-intent href="tel:*"/>
    <allow-intent href="sms:*"/>
    <allow-intent href="mailto:*"/>
    <allow-intent href="geo:*"/>
    <platform name="android">
        <allow-intent href="market:*"/>
    </platform>
    <platform name="ios">
        <allow-intent href="itms:*"/>
        <allow-intent href="itms-apps:*"/>
    </platform>
</widget>

Answer 1

Maybe you need to do something like this?
When I started to figure it out, everything worked out for me on the first day and the Internet in the application inside the virtual machine worked.
I used genymotion as a virtual machine.