Why is my laptop turning off?

Question

Windows

Some time ago, the laptop began to turn off sometimes under load. Thought it was overheating. I replaced the paste and even the cooler with a new one. Didn't help much. It still occasionally shuts off under load. I began to think, what if the reason is different?
Features:
After disabling, Windows refuses to boot, showing such a BSOD:
https://habrastorage.org/files/cbe/6af/b25/cbe6afb...
You can turn on Windows only if you download Ubuntu, and then restart the computer. No other way.

Answer 1

with railway problems, judging by bsod, you need to watch smart, if there are problems, transfer the data to another disk, check the old one