Why doesn't Asus X51L read serviceable CDs and flash drives?

Question

ASUS

Hello!
There is an Asus X51L Series Notebook with Windows 7 Ultimate installed.
Refuses to read CDs and flash drives. It also does not see any disks when trying to mount them into virtual drives like Daemon Tools.
When you connect a flash drive, it says that it needs to be formatted, although it reads fine on other machines. If you format the flash drive (on a problematic laptop), the flash drive starts to work fine for writing and reading, both on this and other machines.
On specialized forums, including Asus, I did not find an answer. Can you tell me where to dig?
I have a laptop since 2012, the year of manufacture is unknown to me.